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Deep learning with SPECT accurately predicts major adverse cardiac events

by Gus Iversen, Editor in Chief | June 21, 2021
Molecular Imaging
Researchers say they can predict major adverse cardiac events more accurately with deep learning than current standard imaging protocols, according to research presented at the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2021 Annual Meeting.

Utilizing data from a registry of more than 20,000 patients, they developed a novel deep learning network that may provide patients with an individualized prediction of their annualized risk for adverse events such as heart attack or death.

The deep learning network highlighted regions of the heart that were associated with risk of major adverse cardiac events and provided a risk score in less than one second during testing. Patients with the highest deep learning scores had an annual major adverse cardiac event rate of 9.7%, a 10.2 times increased risk compared to patients with the lowest scores.
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"These findings show that AI could be incorporated in standard clinical workstations to assist physicians in accurate and fast risk assessment of patients undergoing SPECT MPI scans," said Ananya Singh, MS, a research software engineer in the Slomka Lab at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, in a statement. "This work signifies the potential advantage of incorporating AI techniques in standard imaging protocols to assist readers with risk stratification."

The study utilized information from the largest available multicenter SPECT data set, the "REgistry of Fast myocardial perfusion Imaging with NExt generation SPECT" (REFINE SPECT), with 20,401 patients. All patients in the registry underwent SPECT MPI, and a deep learning network was used to score them on how likely they were to experience a major adverse cardiac event during the follow-up period. Subjects were followed for an average of 4.7 years.

Deep learning is a subset of AI that mimics the workings of the human brain to process data. Deep learning algorithms use multiple layers of "neurons," or nonlinear processing units, to learn representations and identify latent features relevant to a specific task, making sense of multiple types of data. It can be used for tasks such as predicting cardiovascular disease and segmenting lungs, among others.

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